Within the field of history of education, interest in the educational tools and pedagogy of the past has been growing internationally. This volume represents a response to this historiographical reflection, aiming to provide methodological examples. The essays it contains address a variety of different sources: visual sources, ranging from medieval miniatures to advertisements directed at children and school class photos; media, from films to videogames; architectural sources, such as school buildings; sources for special education, including intelligence tests; tools used in food education; and artifacts employed in teaching and learning. These essays provide a critical assessment of the complexity of educational tools which, despite appearing simple, reveal profound ideological, cultural and socio- economic insights, alongside their pedagogical dimension.