The book analyses the development of fashion institutions from the Second World War to the mid-1960s. The author reconstructs the plan of public and private interventions for the coordination and promotion of the fashion system in Italy and France through historical research and the use of unpublished sources and documents from the Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana Archives and the Centre des Archives Économique et Financiers of the French Ministry of Finance and Economy. This study provides a relevant contribution to the Italian fashion historiography debate on the definition of the fashion system in Europe.